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One way of how a paradeigma is meant to guide an audience would be a personal accountant. This illustration is not meant to take the audience to a conclusion, however it is used to help guide them there. In rhetoric, the purpose of paradeigma is to provide an audience with an illustration of similar occurrences. For all that many are liberated by discarding individualising ideas like personality disorder, there are others whose problems cannot be understood by appeal to life events or social circumstance.Paradigm comes from Greek παράδειγμα ( paradeigma), "pattern, example, sample" from the verb παραδείκνυμι ( paradeiknumi), "exhibit, represent, expose" and that from παρά ( para), "beside, beyond" and δείκνυμι ( deiknumi), "to show, to point out". Your particular psychosis results from an as-yet poorly understood neurological problem? Get with the programme! This attitude can be exclusionary. Conceive of your experiences as illness? Too bad for you, the historical bandwagon ain't stopping. Why is this important? The idea of the Kuhnian paradigm shift creates a worldview on which you are either with progress or against it. What we see in mental health is not a steady march towards the new integrative paradigm, but a slow iterative process of deciding that such and such a thing is more disease-like or more socially-determined. “because people have psychological reactions to trauma and to ongoing relational/political experience of poverty if follows that no one has a mental illness”), but rather that a range of different types of psycho-social-physiological phenomena exists and no one can quite agree on how much explanatory weight to place where. Oxygen, it is not the case that one form of explanation makes the other unthinkable or impossible (i.e. Different problems will be more or less well understood under different frameworks. But the sprawling field of mental health is not centered on just one sort of problem, it contains multitudes.
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These are no doubt radically different ways of viewing one sort of problem. Yes there is a difference between the idea of a predominantly genetic or biological illness vulnerability that is triggered at some point, and a normative trauma response that makes sense primarily in psychodynamic terms. The current situation in mental health doesn’t resemble anything like this. In short: if one group was right the other had to be wrong. Once you accept that the evidence suggests the earth rotates around the sun, it cannot also be true that the sun revolves around the earth. Similarly with the Copernican revolution. Once you are in possession of the theory of oxygen, the theory of phlogiston cannot also be true.
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Phlogsiton theorists and oxygen theorists were battling over the same territory, engaged in a scientific zero sum game. In the history of science, Kuhnian shifts have occurred where a radical development in knowledge made it impossible to think about things in terms of an old theory. But given the overwhelming dominance of the DSM model in mental health in general, a focus on psychosocial factors seems desirable. For sure some have argued (see this post by Paul Salkovskis) that such a change of emphasis is not needed in clinical psychology, and that the DCP is out of touch with how psychologists are trained. Such a shift might mean an increased focus on socio-economic context, historic life events and psychological mechanisms. Concerns about the validity of many DSM categories, the inappropriateness of an illness framework for many mental health problems, and the general theoretical paucity of chalking mood difficulties up to chemical imbalance all make a shift of emphasis seem important. The moment of the PTMF's arrival seems a good time to reflect on some conceptual ambiguity in the paradigm shift idea.Īt its most straightforward, a paradigm shift may just mean something like a change of perspective or change of emphasis. That document might be regarded as a promissory note, with the much-trailed Power Threat Meaning Framework (due to be unveiled within hours of me writing this) representing a more ambitious attempt to make the shift happen. It's been nearly five years since the BPS Division of Clinical Psychology (DCP) published a position paper advocating a "paradigm shift" in thinking about mental health.
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